The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa in Alexandria Governorate

The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa were created sometime in the 2nd century CE as a familial necropolis for Alexandria’s upper class. The catacombs consist of several underground chambers containing numerous sarcophagi.

The complex exemplifies the diverse traditions of one of the Roman Empire’s most important metropolises, blending Egyptian, Greek, and Roman artistic styles to create one of the most unique and striking necropolises of the period. The catacombs contain a remarkable number of reliefs and tombs carved directly into the limestone bedrock. This includes the stunning main entrance, flanked by two depictions of the Egyptian god Anubis dressed in Roman military regalia.

Some tombs within the complex still retain traces of their original paint. Distinct scenes appear throughout the complex, including depictions of mummification alongside a Hellenic-style representation of the Abduction of Persephone. The catacombs feature extensive decorations incorporating Egyptian plants such as papyrus and lotus, Greek columns and mythological figures, and Roman iconography, with these three traditions frequently blending into artistic fusions that could only have emerged in a city like Alexandria.

The complex also includes the Hall of Caracalla, named after Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, which is believed to have been used for mass burials, possibly including the remains of individuals executed during his reign.